อพยพ บทที่ 18-40 ตัดต่อเสร็จแล้ว พร้อมส่ง

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บทสรุปของ ยูดา 1:9 ท่านโต้เถียงกับมารเรื่องศพของโมเสส

บทสรุปของ ยูดา 1:9 ฝ่ายอัครเทวทูตาธิบดีมีคาเอล ครั้งเมื่อท่านโต้เถียงกับมารเรื่องศพของโมเสส ท่านเองก็ยังไม่บังอาจกล่าวก้าวร้าวต่อมารเลย เป็นแต่เพียงกล่าวว่า “ให้องค์พระผู้เป็นเจ้าทรงขนาบเจ้าเถิด”

โต้เถียงกันยังไง ลองอ่านดู...ผมเอามาจากบางส่วนของหนังสือ ASCENSION OF MOSES การขึ้นสวรรค์ของโมเสส

หนังสือ Assumption of Moses อยู่ในหมวด Other Apocrypha 

บทสรุปในเล่มนี้กล่าวว่า โมเสสจึงกล่าวแก่โยชูวาบุตรชายนูนว่า "ให้เราขึ้นไปบนภูเขา"

เมื่อพวกเขาขึ้นไป โมเสสได้มองเห็นดินแดนแห่งพันธสัญญา และพระเจ้าตรัสแก่เขาว่า "จงลงไปหาประชาชน และบอกเขาว่าโมเสสสิ้นชีวิตแล้ว"

เมื่อโยชูวาเริ่มลงไปหาพลไพร่ และโมเสสได้สิ้นชีวิตแล้ว เมื่อโมเสสมาถึงปลายสุดทางของตนบนภูเขา Sammael (ซามมาเอล อีกชื่อหนึ่งของซาตาน) ผู้ใส่ร้ายพยายามที่จะนำศพของเขาลงไปสู่ประชาชนเพื่อจะสถาปนาให้เขาเป็นดังเทพเจ้า

แต่มีคาเอล อัครเทวทูตาธิบดีของพระเจ้า ทรงบัญชาให้มาพร้อมกับบรรดาทูตสวรรค์อื่นๆ เพื่อที่จะได้ฝังไว้ แต่ Sammael ไม่ยอมให้เขาเอาศพออกไป เพราะอยากจะหลอกลวงเขา จึงต่อต้านเขา และพวกเขาก็โต้แย้งกัน

ผู้ใส่ร้ายกล่าวว่า "ร่างกายของเราเป็นของฉัน เพราะเราเป็นเจ้านายของสิ่งสารพัด"

แต่ทูตสวรรค์กล่าวว่า "ด้วยว่าวิญญาณของผู้บริสุทธิ์ของพระองค์ เราได้รับการสร้างขึ้น และจากพระพักตร์ของพระเจ้าจิตวิญญาณของเขาก็ออกไป และโลกก็กลายเป็น..."

ผู้ใส่ร้ายก็กล่าวว่า "พระเจ้ากล่าวเท็จ โดยนำโมเสสเข้าไปในดินแดนที่เขาสาบานว่าเขาไม่ควรเข้าไป"

มีคาเอลจึงตอบว่า "เพราะงูที่ท่านได้รับการยกให้เป็นเหตุ ให้เกิดการละเมิดของอาดัม และอีวา"

ผู้ใส่ร้ายก็เยาะเย้ยโมเสส ประกาศว่า "โมเสสเป็นคนฆ่าคน เขาฆ่าชายคนหนึ่งในอียิปต์ และซ่อนตัวเขาไว้ในทราย" ด้วยเหตุนี้ผู้ใส่ร้ายจึงไม่อนุญาตให้เขาได้รับการฝังศพอย่างมีเกียรติ

มีคาเอลครเทวทูตาธิบดีของพระเจ้า ไม่ยอมที่จะทน เพราะเขาไม่มีอำนาจ จึงไม่กล้าที่จะตัดสินคำที่หยิ่งยะโสของมัน จึงประกาศต่อผู้ใส่ร้ายป้ายว่า "ฉันหวังว่าพระเจ้าจะทรงตำหนิเจ้า"

แล้วมีคาเอลก็อธิษฐานต่อพระเจ้า และองค์พระผู้เป็นเจ้าได้ทรงส่งฟ้าร้องและฟ้าแลบออกจากฟ้าสวรรค์ และด้วยเหตุนี้ผู้ใส่ร้ายก็พากันบินและหายตัวไป

ดูเหมือนว่าเมฆบางส่วนหรือแสงส่องเข้ามาในสถานที่ดังกล่าว ปิดบังและเป็นกำแพงกั้นออกจากผู้คนเพื่อไม่ให้พวกเขารู้ตำแหน่งของหลุมฝังศพของโมเสส ฝ่ายโยชูวาบุตรชายนูนได้เห็นเหตุการณ์นี้จากเบื้องบน เมื่อเขาพร้อมกับคาเลบถูกยกขึ้นโดยอำนาจที่มองไม่เห็น

โมเสสที่แท้จริงคนหนึ่งยังมีชีวิตอยู่ในอำนาจที่มองไม่เห็น แต่อีกคนก็ตายในร่างกายปกติ ซึ่งแท้จริงพระองค์ได้เสด็จไปกับบรรดาเหล่าทูตสวรรค์ที่เป็นสหายของพระองค์ และได้ทรงตั้งพระนามใหม่ไว้ในสวรรค์ว่า Melchi โดยพระบัญชาของพระเจ้า ด้วยการจัดการของอัครเทวทูตาธิบดี มีคาเอล และมุ่งมั่นที่จะแผ่นดินเป็นเกียรติกับการฝังศพในหุบเขาบนภูเขาที่มีคาเอลฝังเขาด้วยมือของตนเอง และบรรดาทูตสวรรค์ผู้ทรงเตรียมศพของโมเสส สำหรับการฝังศพนั้นไม่ได้กระทำให้ตัวมลทินด้วยการแตะต้องร่างกายของโมเสส

ทั้งโยชูวาและคาเล็บไม่เห็นเหตุการณ์ครั้งนี้ แต่จริงๆ แล้ว คนหนึ่งซึ่งลงมาด้วยความเร็วมาก (ราวกับว่าเขาตัวเบามาก); ในขณะที่อีกคนหนึ่งเมื่อลงมา หลังจากที่เขาได้เล่าถึงพระสิริที่เขาได้เห็น (เพราะความบริสุทธิ์กว่าคนอื่น เขาจึงสามารถเข้าใจได้มากขึ้น)

การศึกษาเชิงลึก เราจึงหาอ่านทุกเรื่องที่ค้นหาข้อมูลได้ เพื่อเสริมความเชื่อ ความเข้าใจในพระวจนะของพระเจ้า

เพราะถ้าจะตัดออก และไม่เอา เพราะรู้สึกเยอะแล้ว ก็คงควรที่จะตัดหนังสือยูดา ออกด้วย เพราะว่าได้อ้างอิงถึงเรื่องนี้!

ASCENSION OF MOSES

ASCENSION OF MOSES

CHAPTER 1~2

2 [And it came to pass in the 120th year of the life of Moses,] which is the 2,500th year after the creation of the earth,
3 but according to those who live in the East, the number is the […] and […]th, and the […]th after the departure from Phoinike,
4 when the people left; after the exodus which had been led by Moses, until Amman across the Jordan,
5 this is the book of the prophecy which was given by Moses according to the book of Deuteronomy.
6 when Moses called to himself Joshua son of Nun, a man approved by the Lord,
7 in order that Joshua might become the successor for the people and for the tent of the testimony which contained all the holy objects,
8 and in order that he might lead the people into the land which had been promised to their fathers,
9 the land which Moses, in the tent, had declared by the covenant and the oath that God would give the land through Joshua.
10 Therefore, Moses spoke to Joshua, “Keep this word, and promise me that you will2 do everything which has been commanded in such a way that you will be blameless.
11 Therefore, this is what the Lord of the universe has decreed.
12 For he created the universe on behalf of his people;
13 but from the beginning of the universe, he did not make this design of creation openly known, in order that the nations might be found guilty, yes, that they might abjectly declare themselves guilty by their own deliberations.
14 “Therefore, he has designed and devised me, I, who have been appointed before the founding of the world, to be a mediator of his covenant.
15 But now, I will reveal it to you, because the years of my life have come to an end; and, in the
presence of the entire community, I am going to the resting-place of my fathers.
16 But take this writing, so that, later, you will remember how to preserve the books which I will entrust to you.
17 And you will arrange them, and anoint them with cedar, and deposit them in earthenware jars in the place which God has chosen from the beginning of the creation of the universe,
18 a place where his name may be called upon until the day of recompense when the Lord will visit
them in the consummation of the end of the days.

2.1 “But now, through you, they will enter into the land which God determined and promised to give to their fathers.
2 And in that land, you will bless them, and give to each of them their individual portions. And you will firmly-establish a kingdom for them; and, with discernment and righteousness, you will release local magistrates in accordance with the will of the Lord.
3 […], however, after they will have entered into their land in the […]th year, and afterwards, they will be ruled by leaders and princes for eighteen years; and during a period of nineteen years, the ten tribes will separate themselves.
4 “And the twelve tribes will move the tent of his testimony to the place where the God of the heavens will build a place5 for his sanctuary. And the two holy tribes will be settled there.
5 But the ten tribes will establish for themselves their own kingdom with its own ordinances.
6 And the two tribes will offer sacrifices in the chosen place for twenty years.
7 And seven will strongly build the walls, and I will protect nine. But four will violate the covenant of the Lord and defile the oath6 which the Lord made with them.
8 And they will offer their sons to foreign gods, and they will set up idols in the sanctuary in order to worship them.
9 And in the house of the Lord they will perpetrate idolatry, and carve images of all sorts of beasts—many abominations.

CHAPTER 3~4
“And in those days, a king from the east will come against them, and his cavalry will overrun their land.
2 And he will burn their city with fire, along with the holy temple of the Lord; and he will carry off all the holy vessels.
3 And he will exile all the people, and will lead them to his own land; yes, he will take the two tribes with him.
4 “Then the two tribes, considering themselves like a lioness in a dusty plain, hungry and parched, will call upon the ten tribes;
5 and they will loudly declare, ‘Righteous and holy is the Lord! For in the same way that you sinned, likewise we, with our little ones, have now been led out with you!’
6 “Then, hearing the reproachful words of the two tribes, the ten tribes will lament
7 and will say, ‘What will we do with you, brothers? Has not this tribulation come upon the whole house of Israel?’
9 “Then all of the tribes will lament, crying out to the heavens and saying, ‘God of Abraham, God of Isaac, and God of Jacob, remember your covenant which you made with them, and the oath which you swore to them by yourself, that their seed would never fail in the land which you have given them!’
10 “Then, in that day, they will remember me, saying from tribe to tribe, and each man to his neighbor,
11 ‘Is this not what was made known to us in prophecies by Moses, who suffered many things in Egypt, and at the Sea of Reeds, and in the wilderness for forty years:
12 when he solemnly called the heavens and the earth as witnesses against us in order that we would not transgress God’s commandments of which he had become the mediator for us?
13 Behold, these things which have befallen us after that time are in accordance with his admonition, as he declared to us at that time; yes, behold, these things have been confirmed, even to the extent that we have been led away as captives into the land of the East.’
14 And they will be in bondage for about seventy-seven years.

4.1 “Then one who is over them will come upon the scene; and he will stretch forth his hands, and bow his knees, and pray for them, saying,
2 ‘Lord of all, king on the lofty throne, who rules the age, and who has willed that this people should
be a chosen people for you; yes, who has willed to be called their God according to the covenant which you made with their fathers.
3 And yet, they, along with their women and children, have gone as captives into a foreign land, and are surrounded by the gates of strangers, and there is great majesty in that place.
4 Have regard and compassion for them, O Lord of the heavens.’
5 “Then God will remember them, due to the covenant which he made with their fathers; and he will openly show his compassion.
6 And in those times, he will inspire a king to have pity on them and send them off to their own land and country.
7 Then some portions of the tribes will arise, and they will come to their appointed place, and they will strongly build its walls.
8 And the two tribes will remain steadfast in their former faith, sorrowful and sighing because they will not be able to offer sacrifices to the Lord of their fathers.
9 And the ten tribes will grow and spread out among the nations during the time of their captivity.

CHAPTER 5~6
“And when the times of chastisement come near and punishment arises through the kings (who share in their crimes, yet punish them),
2 then they themselves will be divided as to the truth.
3 Consequently, the word has come to pass:

They will turn aside from righteousness

and approach iniquity, and they will pollute the house of their worship with

the customs of the nations,

and they will go a whoring after foreign gods.

“4 For they will not follow the truth of God, but some of them will pollute the high altar with the very offerings which they place before the Lord. They are not priests, but slaves, yes, sons of slaves.
5 For in those times, those who are the leaders, their teachers, will become admirers of avaricious persons and accept gifts; and they will pervert righteousness by accepting bribes.
6 Therefore, their city and the full-extent of their dwelling-places will be filled with crimes and
iniquities. They will have judges in their midst who will act with impiety toward the Lord and will judge as each one pleases.

6.1 “Then powerful kings will rise over them, and they will be called priests of the Most High God. They will perform great impiety in the Holy of Holies.
2 And an insolent king, who will not be of a priestly family, will succeed them. He will be a man rash and perverse, and he will judge them as they deserve.
3 And he will shatter their leaders with the sword, and will do this to each one8 in secret places so that no one will know where their bodies are.
4 He will kill both the old and the young, and will show mercy to no one.
5 “Then the fear of him will be bitter to them in their land.
6 And for thirtyfour years, he will execute judgments upon them as the Egyptians had done, and
he will punish them.
7 And he will beget children who will reign after him for shorter periods of time.
8 After his death, a powerful king of the West will come into their land, and he will subdue them.
9 And he will take away captives, and he will burn a part of their temple with fire. He will crucify some of them around their colony.

CHAPTER 7~9
“And when this has taken place, the times will quickly come to an end.
2 […] the four hours […] nine tribes […] three […] seven […] in the third part of two […]
3 And pestilent and impious men will rule over them, who represent themselves as being teachers.
4 And these men will arouse the wrath of their souls, for they will be deceitful men, pleasing only themselves, false in every way imaginable, and who love feasts at any hour of the day—devouring, gluttonous […]
5 [[Several non-extant lines are missing here.]]
6 “But in reality, they consume the goods of the poor, saying that their acts are grounded on compassion,
7 while in fact they are simply exterminators, deceitfully seeking to conceal themselves so that they will not be recognized as completely impious on account of the lawlessness and iniquity which they commit from sunrise to sunset, saying,
8 ‘We will have feasts and luxury, eating and drinking; and we suppose that we are princes.’
9 “And though their hands and their minds will touch impure things, yet their mouths will speak enormous things, and they will even say,
10 ‘Do not touch me, lest you pollute me in the position I occupy […]’

8.1 “And suddenly revenge and wrath will come upon them, such as has never happened to them from the creation till that time, when he will stir up against them a king of the kings of the earth and one who has supreme authority, who will crucify those who confess their circumcision.
2 And those who kill10 it, he will torture and hand them over to be led to prison in chains.
3 And their women will be given to the gods of the nations, and their young sons will be cut by
physicians in order to bring forward their foreskins.
4 And others among them will be punished by tortures, and by fire, and by sword; and they will be
compelled to publicly bear idols which are no less polluted than those that contain them.
5 And likewise, they will be compelled by their torturers to enter into their secret place, where they will be compelled to outrageously revile the word, and finally to revile both their laws and what they had placed upon their own altar.

9.1 “Then even as he is speaking, there will be a man from the tribe of Levi, whose name is Taxo. He, having seven sons, will speak earnestly to them,
2 ‘See my sons, behold a second punishment has befallen the people; cruel, impure, going beyond all bounds of mercy, and even exceeding the former one.
3 For which nation or which province or which people, of those which have done many crimes against the Lord, have suffered such evils as those which have covered us?
4 Now, therefore, my sons, heed me. For if you investigate, you will surely know that our fathers and their forefathers never tempted God by transgressing his commandments.
5 Yes, you will surely know that this is our strength. And this is what we will do:
6 We must fast for a three-day period; and on the fourth day, we will go into a cave, which is in the open country. And there, let us die rather than transgress the commandments of the Lord of lords, the God of our fathers.
7 For if we do this, and do die, our blood will be avenged before the Lord.’

CHAPTER 10

“And then his kingdom will appear throughout his whole creation,

and then the Slanderer will have an end;

yes, sorrow will be led away with him.

2 Then the hands of the messenger will be filled,

who is appointed as chief;

yes, at once he will avenge them of their enemies.

3 For the Heavenly One will arise from his kingly throne;

yes, he will go forth from his holy habitation

with indignation and wrath on behalf of his sons.

4 And the earth will tremble; it will be shaken even to its ends,

and the high mountains will be made low;

yes, they will be shaken; and they will fall as enclosed valleys.

5 And the sun will not give light,

and the horns of the moon will flee in darkness;

yes, they will be broken in pieces.

And it will be turned wholly into blood;

yes, even the circle of the stars will be thrown into disarray.

6 And the sea will return all the way to the abyss,

and the sources of waters will fail;

yes, the rivers will vanish away.

7 For God Most High will surge forth, the Eternal One alone;

and in full view, he will come to work vengeance on the nations;

yes, he will destroy all their idols.

8 Then you will be happy, O Israel!

And you will mount up above the necks and the wings of an

eagle;

yes, all things will be fulfilled.

9 And God will raise you to the heights;

yes, he will fix you firmly in the heaven of the stars,

in the place of their habitations.

10 And you will look down from on high;

yes, you will see your enemies on the earth.

And recognizing them, you will rejoice,

and you will give thanks;

yes, you will confess your creator.

11 “But you, Joshua son of Nun, keep these words and this book;
12 for from my death, my ascension, until his coming there will pass 250 times.
13 And this is the course of events which come to pass, until they will be completed.
14 But I will be asleep with my fathers.
15 Therefore, you, Joshua son of Nun, be strong; God has chosen you to be my successor in the same covenant.”

CHAPTER 11
And when Joshua heard the words of Moses (this is what was written in his
testament), everything which he had said, he tore his garments and fell at Moses’
feet.
2 And Moses, though he wept with him, encouraged him.
3 And Joshua answered him, saying,
4 “Why are you consoling me, master Moses? And how can I be consoled
13 concerning that bitter message which you spoke (which has come out of your mouth, a message full of tears and lamentation), that you are departing from this people?
5 What place will receive you?
6 Or where will the marker of your tomb be?
7 Or who, as a man, will dare to move your body from place to place?
8 For accordingly, there are tombs in the earth for everyone who dies; but your tomb is from the rising to the setting of the sun, and from the south to the limits of the north—the entire universe is your tomb.
9 “Now, master, you are going away; and who is going to sustain this people?
10 Or who is going to have compassion on them, and who is going to be a leader for them on their way?
11 Or who is going to pray for them, not omitting a single day, in order that I may lead them into the land of their forefathers?
12 Therefore, how can I be guardian of this people, as a father is to his only son; or as a mother is to her virgin daughter who is being prepared to be given to a husband; or as a mother who is disquieted, guarding her daughter’s body from the sun, and seeing to it that the daughter’s feet are not without shoes when she runs upon the ground?
13 And from-where will I supply them with food, since they desire and drink as much as they please? 14 For there were 600,000 of them; for they have, by your prayers, increased so much, master Moses. 15 And what wisdom and intelligence do I have, either to judge or give an opinion in the house
of the Lord?
16 “Moreover, when the kings of the Amorites hear of your death, and believe that the holy spirit is no longer with us—the spirit which is worthy of the Lord, manifold and incomprehensible, master of leaders, faithful in all things, the divine prophet for the universe, the perfect teacher in this age—they will believe that they can now storm us; they will say, ‘Let us go up against them.
17 If the enemy has, even once, acted impiously against their lord, they now have no advocate who will bear messages to the Lord on their behalf as did Moses the great messenger. He, every hour, both day and night, had his knees fixed to the earth, praying and looking steadfastly toward Him who governs the whole earth with mercy and righteousness, reminding the Lord of the covenant of their fathers, and the resolute oath.’
18 They will say the following, ‘He is no longer with them. Therefore, let us go up and crush them from the face of the earth.’
19 Therefore, what will happen to these people, master Moses?”

CHAPTER 12
And when he had finished speaking these words, Joshua again fell at the feet of Moses.
2 And Moses grasped his hand and raised him into the seat before him; and responding to him, he said,
3 “Joshua, do not despise yourself, but free your mind from care and pay attention to my words.
4 All the nations in the universe, God has created, along with us. And he has foreseen both them and us from the beginning of the creation of the universe even to the end of the age. And nothing,
even to the least thing, has been overlooked by him. But rather, he has seen everything, and he is the cause of everything.
5 [The Lord] has foreseen everything which might come to exist in the universe; and, behold, they have come to pass
[…6 The Lord has] established me for them, and appointed for them
and for their sins, that I should pray and make-supplication for them.
7 Yet, this is not on account of either my strength or weakness, but simply that his mercies and longsuffering have descended upon me.
8 “For I say to you, Joshua: it is not on account of the piety of this people that you will drive out the nations.
9 However, everything of the heavens, the firmaments of the world, have been created and approved by God, and are under the ring of his right hand.
10 Therefore, those who truly fulfill his commandments will flourish and will prosper.
11 But those who sin by disregarding the commandments will deprive themselves of the good things which were previously mentioned, and they will be punished by the nations with many tortures;
12 but it is not possible for the nations to completely drive them out or to completely leave them.
13 For God, who has foreseen all things in the ages, will go forth; and his covenant has been established, and by the oath which […]”

CONCLUSION
And Moses said to Joshua son of Nun, “Let us go up into the mountain.” 

And when they had gone up, Moses saw the land of promise and said to him, “Go down to the people and tell them that Moses is dead.”

And Joshua began to go down toward the people, but Moses came to the end of his life. When Moses came-to-his-end on the mountain, Sammael the slanderer tried to bring his body down to the people so that they might make it a god, but Michael the chief-messenger, commanded by God, came with other messengers to take it, in order to have it buried. But Sammael would not allow him to remove the body to be buried. Wishing to deceive, he resisted him, and they argued.

The slanderer said, “The body is mine, for I am the master of material things.”

And the messenger said, “For by a spirit of his which is holy, we were all created; and from the face of God, his spirit went forth and the world became.”

The slanderer also said, “God has lied by bringing Moses into the land which he swore he should not enter.”

Michael answered and said, “For the serpent, which you inspired, was the cause of the transgression of Adam and Eva.”

The slanderer also slandered Moses, proclaiming, “Moses is a murderer; he struck a man in Egypt and hid him in the sand.” And because of this, the slanderer would not allow him to receive the honorable burial.

Michael the chief-messenger did not tolerate the revilement against him. Yet, since he lacked authority, he dared not bring a reviling judgment against him; instead, he declared to the slanderer, “I wish that the Lord would rebuke you, slanderer!”

Then Michael prayed to God. And the Lord, in answer, sent thunder and lightning out of the heavens. And so the slanderer, being defeated, suddenly took flight and disappeared.

It seemed that, then, some cloud or shining light came upon the place, obscuring it and walling it off from the onlookers, so that they might not know the location of his grave. But Joshua son of Nun saw this spectacle from above, when he, along with Caleb, was lifted up by an unseen-power.

Two Moseses became visible: indeed, one was alive in the unseen-power, but the other was dead in the body. Indeed, the one went along with the messengers as their companion, where a new name was given to him in the heavens: Melchi. But the other, by the command of God, was removed by the
chief-messenger Michael and committed to the earth, being honored with a burial in the ravines on the mountains, where Michael buried him with his own hands. And the messengers who had prepared the body of Moses for entombing were not made unclean by touching the holy body.

Instead, both Joshua and Caleb did not similarly behold this. Instead, indeed, one came-down with greater speed, (as if the weight he carried was greater); while the other, on descending after him, subsequently described the glory which he was beholding, (since, being purer than the other, he was able to perceive more).

POSSIBLE FRAGMENTS

Possible Fragment #1 (Gelasios Kyzikenos: Church History 2:17:18)
And in the book of the mystic words of Moses, Moses himself prophesied about David and Solomon. About Solomon he foresaid the following, “And God will pour forth upon him wisdom and righteousness and full experience, and he will build the house of God,” and what follows.

Possible Fragment #2 (Clemens of Alexandreia)
This is also how Moses names the virtue of the messenger Michael, by a messenger near to himself and of lowest grade. The like also we find in the holy prophets; but to Moses a messenger appeared near and at hand. Moses heard him and spoke to him manifestly, face to face.

Apocalypse Of Moses

Apocalypse Of Moses

The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament

R.H. Charles

Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1913

Chapter 1
1 This is the story of Adam and Eve after they had gone out of Paradise. And Adam knew his wife
2 Eve and went upwards to the sun-rising and abode there eighteen years and two months. And
3 Eve conceived and bare two sons; Adiaphotos, who is called Cain and Amilabes who is called Abel.

Chapter 2
1 And after this, Adam and Eve were with one another and while they were sleeping, Eve said to Adam her lord: 'My lord, Adam, behold,
2 I have seen in a dream this night the blood of my son Amilabes who is styled Abel being poured into the mouth of Cain his brother and he went on drinking it without pity. But he begged him to leave him a little of it. Yet he hearkened
3 not to him, but gulped down the whole; nor did it stay in his stomach, but came out of his mouth. And Adam said, 'Let us arise and go
4 and see what has happened to them. (I fear) lest the adversary may be assailing them somewhere.'

Chapter 3
1 And they both went and found Abel murdered. I by the hand of Cain his brother. And God
2 saith to Michael the archangel: 'Say to Adam: " Reveal not the secret that thou knowest to Cain thy son, for he is a son of wrath. But grieve not, for I will give thee another son in his stead; he shall show (to thee) all that thou shalt do. Do thou tell him nothing."' Thus spake the archangel
3 to Adam. But he kept the word in his heart, and with him also Eve, though they grieved concerning Abel their son.

Chapter 4
1 And after this, Adam knew Eve his wife, and she conceived and bare Seth. And Adam said to Eve: 'See! we have
2 begotten a son in place of Abel, whom Cain slew, let us give glory and sacrifice to God.'

Chapter 5
1 And Adam begat thirty sons and thirty daughters and Adam lived nine hundred and thirty years; and he fell sick and cried with a loud
2 voice and said, 'Let all my sons come to me that I may see them before I die.'
3 And all assembled, for the earth was divided into three parts. And Seth his son said to him:
4 'Father Adam, what is thy complaint?'
5 And he saith, 'MY children, I am crushed by the burden of trouble.' And they say to him, 'What is trouble?'

Chapter 6
1 And Seth answered and said to him: 'Hast thou called to mind, father, the fruit of paradise of which thou usedst to eat, and hast been grieved in yearning for it?' 'If this be so, tell me, (and) I will go and
2 bring thee fruit from paradise. For I will set dung upon my head and will weep and pray that the Lord will hearken to me and send his angel (and bring me a plant from paradise), and I will bring it thee that thy trouble may cease from thee.' Adam saith to him: 'Nay, my son Seth, but
3 I have (much) sickness and trouble!' Seth saith to him: 'And how hath this come upon thee?'

Chapter 7
1 And Adam said to him: 'When God made us, me and your mother, through whom also I die, He gave us power to eat of every tree which is in paradise, but, concerning that one only, He charged us not to eat of it, and through this one we are to die. And the hour drew nigh for the angels
2 who were guarding your mother to go up and worship the Lord, and I was far from her, and the enemy knew that she was alone and gave to her, and she ate of the tree of which she had been told not to eat.
3 Then she gave also to me to eat.

Chapter 8
1 'And God was wroth with us, and the Lord came into paradise and called me in a terrible voice and said: "Adam, where art thou? And why hidest thou from my face? Shall the house be able to hide itself from its builder?" And he saith to me: "Since thou hast abandoned my covenant, I have brought upon thy body seventy-two strokes; the trouble of the first stroke is a pain of the eyes, the second stroke an affection of the hearing, and likewise in turn all the strokes shall befall thee."'

Chapter 9
1 As he said this to his sons, Adam groaned sore and said: 'What shall I do? I am in great distress.'
And Eve wept and said: 'My lord
2 Adam, rise up and give me half of thy trouble and I will endure it; for it is on my account that this hath happened to thee, on my account thou art beset with toils and troubles.' But Adam
3 said to Eve, 'Arise and go with my son Seth near to paradise, and put earth upon your heads and weep and pray God to have mercy upon me and send his angel to paradise, and give me of
the tree out of which the oil floweth, and bring it me, and I shall anoint myself and shall have rest from my complaint.'

Chapter 10
1 Then Seth and Eve went towards paradise, and Eve saw her son, and a wild beast assailing him, and Eve wept and said: 'Woe is me; if
2 I come to the day of the Resurrection, all those who have sinned will curse me saying: Eve hath not kept the commandment of God.' And she
3 spake to the beast: 'Thou wicked beast, fearest thou not to fight with the image of God? How was thy mouth opened? How were thy teeth made strong? How didst thou not call to mind thy subjection? For long ago wast thou made subject to the image of God.' Then the beast
4 cried out and said:

Chapter 11
1 'It is not our concern, Eve, thy greed and thy wailing, but thine own; for (it is) from thee that the rule of the beasts hath arisen. How was thy
2 mouth opened to eat of the tree concerning which God enjoined thee not to eat of it? On this account, our nature also hath been transformed. Now therefore thou canst not endure it,
3 if I begin to reprove thee.'

Chapter 12
1 Then Seth speaketh to the beast, 'Close thy mouth and be silent and stand off from the image of God until the day of Judgment.' Then saith
2 the beast to Seth: 'Behold, I stand off from the image of God.' And he went to his lair.

Chapter 13
1 And Seth went with Eve near paradise, and I they wept there, and prayed God to send his angel and give them the oil of mercy. And God
2 sent the archangel Michael and he spake to Seth: 'Seth, man of God, weary not thyself with prayers and entreaties concerning the tree which floweth with oil to anoint thy father Adam. For it shall not be thine now, but in the end of the times.
3 Then shall all flesh be raised up from Adam till that great day,-all that shall be of the holy people. Then shall the delights of paradise be given to them and God shall be in their midst. And they shall no longer sin before his face, for the evil heart shall be taken from them and there shall be given them a heart understanding the good and to serve God only. But do thou go back to thy father. For the
6 term of his life hath been fulfilled and he will live three days from to-day and will die. But when his soul is departing, thou shalt behold the awful (scene of) his passing.'

Chapter 14
1 Thus spake the angel and departed from them. And Seth and Eve came to the hut where Adam was laid. And Adam saith to Eve: 'Eve, what
2 hast thou wrought in us? Thou hast brought upon us great wrath which is death, [lording it over all our race].' And he saith to her, 'Call all
3 our children and our children's children and tell them the manner of our transgression.'

Chapter 15
1 Then saith Eve to them: 'Hear all my children and children's children and I will relate to you
2 how the enemy deceived us. It befell that we were guarding paradise, each of us the portion
3 allotted to us from God. Now I guarded in my lot, the west and the south. But the devil went to Adam's lot, where the male creatures were. [For God divided the creatures; all the males he gave to your father and all the females he gave to me.]

Chapter 16
1 And the devil spake to the serpent saying, Rise up, come to me and I will tell thee a word
2 whereby thou mayst have profit." And he arose and came to him. And the devil saith to him:
3 "I hear that thou art wiser than all the beasts, and I have come to counsel thee. Why dost thou eat of Adam's tares and not of paradise? Rise up and we will cause him to be cast out of paradise, even
4 as we were cast out through him." The serpent saith to him, "I fear lest the Lord be wroth with
5 me." The devil saith to him: "Fear not, only be my vessel and I will speak through thy mouth words to deceive him."

Chapter 17
1 And instantly he hung himself from the wall of paradise, and when the angels ascended to
2 worship God, then Satan appeared in the form of an angel and sang hymns like the angels. And I bent over the wall and saw him, like an angel. But he saith to me: "Art thou Eve?" And I said
3 to him, "I am." 'What art thou doing in paradise?" And I said to him, "God set us to guard and
4 to eat of it." The devil answered through the mouth of the serpent: 'Ye do well but ye do not eat
5 of every plant." And I said: "Yea, we eat of all. save one only, which is in the midst of paradise, concerning which, God charged us not to eat of it: for, He said to us, on the day on which ye eat of it, ye shall die the death."

Chapter 18
1 Then the serpent saith to me, "May God live! but I am grieved on your account, for I would not have you ignorant. But arise, (come) hither, hearken to me and eat and mind the value of that
tree."
2,3 But I said to him, " I fear lest God be wroth with me as he told us." And he saith to me: "Fear not, for as soon as thou eatest of it, ye too shall be as God, in that ye shall know good and evil.
4 But God perceived this that ye would be like Him, so he envied you and said, Ye shall not eat of
5,6 it. Nay, do thou give heed to the plant and thou wilt see its great glory." Yet I feared to take of the fruit. And he saith to me: "Come hither, and I will give it thee. Follow me."

Chapter 19
1 And I opened to him and he walked a little way, then turned and said to me: "I have changed my
2 mind and I will not give thee to eat until thou swear to me to give also to thy husband." (And) I said. "What sort of oath shall I swear to thee? Yet what I know, I say to thee: By the throne of
the
3 Master, and by the Cherubim and the Tree of Life! I will give also to my husband to eat." And when he had received the oath from me, he went and poured upon the fruit the poison of his wickedness, which is lust, the root and beginning of every sin, and he bent the branch on the earth and I took of the fruit and I ate.

Chapter 20
1 And in that very hour my eyes were opened, and forthwith I knew that I was bare of the righteousness
2 with which I had been clothed (upon), and I wept and said to him: "Why hast thou
3 done this to me in that thou hast deprived me of the glory with which I was clothed?" But I wept also about the oath, which I had sworn. But he descended from the tree and vanished.
4 And I began to seek, in my nakedness, in my part for leaves to hide my shame, but I found none, for, as soon as I had eaten, the leaves showered down from all the trees in my part, except
the fig tree
5 only. But I took leaves from it and made for myself a girdle and it was from the very same plant of which I had eaten.

Chapter 21
1 And I cried out in that very hour, 'Adam, Adam, where art thou? Rise up, come to me and
2 I will show thee a great secret." But when your father came, I spake to him words of transgression
3 [which have brought us down from our great glory]. For, when he came, I opened my mouth and the devil was speaking, and I began to exhort him and said, "Come hither, my lord Adam, hearken to me and eat of the fruit of the tree of which God told us not to eat of it, and thou shalt be as
4 a God." And your father answered and said, "I fear lest God be wroth with me." And I said to
5 him, "Fear not, for as soon as thou hast eaten thou shalt know good and evil." And speedily I persuaded him, and he ate and straightway his eyes were opened and he too knew his nakedness.
6 And to me he saith, "O wicked woman! what have I done to thee that thou hast deprived me of the glory of God?"

Chapter 22
1 And in that same hour, we heard the archangel Michael blowing with his trumpet and calling to
2 the angels and saying: "Thus saith the Lord, Come with me to Paradise and hear the judgement with which I shall judge Adam."
3 And when God appeared in paradise, mounted on the chariot of his cherubim with the angels proceeding before him and singing hymns of praises, all the plants of paradise, both of your father's lot
4 and mine, broke out into flowers. And the throne of God was fixed where the Tree of Life was.

Chapter 23
1 And God called Adam saying, "Adam, where art thou? Can the house be hidden from the presence
2 of its builder? "Then your father answered; "It is not because we think not to be found by thee, Lord, that we hide, but I was afraid, because I am naked, and I was ashamed before thy
might,
3 (my) Master." God saith to him, "Who showed thee that thou art naked, unless thou hast forsaken my
4 commandment, which I delivered thee to keep (it)." Then Adam called to mind the word which I spake to him, (saying) "I will make thee secure before God"; and he turned and said to me: "Why hast thou done this?" And I said, "The serpent deceived me."

Chapter 24
1 God saith to Adam: 'Since thou hast disregarded my commandment and hast hearkened to thy wife, cursed is the earth in thy labours. Thou shalt work it and it shall not give its strength: thorns and thistles shall spring up for thee, and in the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat thy bread. [Thou shalt be in
manifold toils; thou shalt be crushed by bitterness, but of sweetness shalt thou not taste.]
3 Weary shalt thou be and shalt not rest; by heat shalt thou be tired, by cold shalt thou be straitened: abundantly shalt thou busy thyself, but thou shalt not be rich; and thou shalt grow fat, but come to no end.
4 The beasts, over whom thou didst rule, shall rise up in rebellion against thee, for thou hast not kept my commandment."

Chapter 25
1 And the Lord turned to me and said: "Since thou hast hearkened to the serpent, and turned
2 a deaf ear to my commandment, thou shalt be in throes of travail and intolerable agonies; thou shalt bear children in much trembling and in one hour thou shalt come to the birth, and lose thy
3 life, from thy sore trouble and anguish. But thou shalt confess and say: 'Lord, Lord, save me, and
4 I will turn no more to the sin of the flesh.' And on this account, from thine own words I will judge thee, by reason of the enmity which the enemy has planted in thee."

Chapter 26
1 But he turned to the serpent [in great wrath] and said: "Since thou hast done this, and become a thankless vessel until thou hast deceived the innocent hearts, accursed art thou among all beasts.
2 Thou shalt be deprived of the victual of which thou didst eat and shalt feed on dust all the days of
3 thy life: on thy breast and thy belly shalt thou walk and be robbed of hands and feet. There shall not be left thee ear nor wing, nor one limb of all that with which thou didst ensnare them in
4 thy malice and causedst them to be cast out of paradise; and I will put enmity between thee and his seed: he shall bruise thy head and thou shalt bruise his heel until the day of Judgement."

Chapter 27
1,2 Thus he spake and bade the angels have us cast out of paradise: and as we were being driven out amid our loud lamentations, your father Adam besought the angels and said: "Leave me a little (space) that I may entreat the Lord that he have compassion on me and pity me, for I only
3 have sinned." And they left off driving him and Adam cried aloud and wept saying: "Pardon me O Lord, my deed." Then the Lord saith to the angels, "Why have ye ceased from driving Adam from paradise? Why do ye not cast him out? Is it I who have done wrong? Or is my judgement
5 badly judged?" Then the angels fell down on the ground and worshipped the Lord saying, "Thou art just, O Lord, and thou judgest righteous judgement."

Chapter 28
1 But the Lord turned to Adam and said: 'I will not suffer thee henceforward to be in paradise."
2 And Adam answered and said, " Grant me, O Lord, of the Tree of Life that I may eat of it, before
3 I be cast out." Then the Lord spake to Adam, "Thou shalt not take of it now, for I have commanded the cherubim with the flaming sword that turneth (every way) to guard it from thee that
4 thou taste not of it; but thou hast the war which the adversary hath put into thee, yet when thou art gone out of paradise, if thou shouldst keep thyself from all evil, as one about to die, when again the Resurrection hath come to pass, I will raise thee up and then there shall be given to thee the Tree of Life."

Chapter 29
1,2 Thus spake the Lord and ordered us to be cast out of paradise. But your father Adam wept before the angels opposite paradise and the angels say to him: "What wouldst thou have us
to do,
3 Adam? "And your father saith to them, "Behold, ye cast me out. I pray you, allow me to take away fragrant herbs from paradise, so that I may offer an offering to God after I have gone out of paradise that he hear me." And the angels approached God and said: "JA'EL, Eternal King, command, my Lord, that there be given to Adam incense of sweet odour from paradise and seeds
5 for his food." And God bade Adam go in and take sweet spices and fragrant herbs from paradise
6 and seeds for his food. And the angels let him go and he took four kinds: crocus and nard and calamus and cinnamon and the other seeds for his food: and, after taking these, he went out of
7 paradise. And we were on the earth.

Chapter 30
1 Now then, my children, I have shown you the way in which we were deceived; and do ye guard yourselves from transgressing against the good.'

Chapter 31
1 And when Eve had said this in the midst of her sons, while Adam was lying ill and bound to die
2 after a single day from the sickness which had fastened upon him, she saith to him: 'How is it that
3 thou diest and I live or how long have I to live after thou art dead? Tell me.' And Adam saith to her: 'Reck not of this, for thou tarriest not after me, but even both of us are to die together. And she shall lie in my place. But when I die, anoint me and let no man touch me till the
4 angel of the Lord shall speak somewhat concerning me. For God will not forget me, but will seek His own creature; and now arise rather and pray to God till I give up my spirit into His hands who gave it me. For we know not how we are to meet our Maker, whether He be wroth with us, or be merciful and intend to pity and receive us.'

Chapter 32
1,2 And Eve rose up and went outside and fell on the ground and began to say: I have sinned, O God, I have sinned, O God of All, I have sinned against Thee. I have sinned against the elect angels. I have sinned against the Cherubim. I have sinned against Thy fearful and unshakable Throne. I have sinned
before Thee and all sin hath begun through my doing in the creation.'
3 Even thus prayed Eve on her knees; (and) behold, the angel of humanity came to her, and raised
4 her up and said: 'Rise up, Eve, (from thy penitence), for behold, Adam thy husband hath gone out of his body. Rise up and behold his spirit borne aloft to his Maker.'

Chapter 33
1 And Eve rose up and wiped off her tears with her hand, and the angel saith to her, ' Lift Up thyself
2 from the earth.' And she gazed steadfastly into heaven, and beheld a chariot of light, borne by four bright eagles, (and) it were impossible for any man born of woman to tell the glory of them or
3 behold their face -and angels going before the chariot- and when they came to the place where your father Adam was, the chariot halted and the Seraphim. And I beheld golden censers, between your father and the chariot, and all the angels with censers and frankincense came in haste to the
5 incense-offering and blew upon it and the smoke of the incense veiled the firmaments. And the angels fell down and worshipped God, crying aloud and saying, JA'EL, Holy One, have pardon, for he is Thy image, and the work of Thy holy hands.'

Chapter 34
1 And I Eve beheld two great and fearful wonders standing in the presence of God and I wept for
2 fear, and I cried aloud to my son Seth and said, 'Rise up, Seth, from the body of thy father Adam and come to me, and thou shalt see a spectacle which no man's eye hath yet beheld.'

Chapter 35
1 Then Seth arose and came to his mother and to her he saith: 'What is thy trouble? Why weepest thou?' (And) she saith to him: 'Look
2 up and see with thine eyes the seven heavens opened, and see how the soul of thy father lies on its face and all the holy angels are praying on his behalf and saying: 'Pardon him, Father of All, for he is Thine image." 'Pray, my child
3 Seth, what shall this mean? And will he one day be delivered into the hands of the Invisible Father, even our God? But who are the two
4 negroes who stand by at the prayers for thy father Adam?'

Chapter 36
1 And Seth telleth his mother, that they are the sun and moon and themselves fall down and pray on behalf of my father Adam. Eve saith
2 to him: 'And where is their light and why have they taken on such a black appearance?' And
3 Seth answereth her, 'The light hath not left them, but they cannot shine before the Light of the Universe, the Father of Light; and on this account their light hath been hidden from them.

Chapter 37
1 Now while Seth was saying this to his mother, lo, an angel blew the trumpet, and there stood up all the angels (and they were) lying on their faces, and they cried aloud in an awful voice and said: 'Blessed (be) the glory of the Lord from
2 the works of His making, for He hath pitied Adam the creature of His hands.' But when the
3 angels had said these words, lo, there came one of the seraphim with six wings and snatched up Adam and carried him off to the Acherusian lake, and washed him thrice, in the presence of God.

Chapter 38
1 And God saith to him: 'Adam, what hast thou done? If thou hadst kept my commandment, there would now be no rejoicing among those who are bringing thee down to this place. Yet, I tell thee that I will turn their joy to grief
2 and thy grief will I turn to joy, and I will transform thee to thy former glory? and set thee on the throne of thy deceiver. But he shall be cast
3 into this place to see thee sitting above him, then he shall be condemned and they that heard him, and he shall be grieved sore when he seeth thee sitting on his honourable throne.
4 And he stayed there three hours, lying down, and thereafter the Father of all, sitting on his holy throne stretched out his hand, and took Adam and handed him over to the archangel Michael saying: 'Lift him up into Paradise unto the third Heaven, and leave him there until that fearful day of my reckoning, which I will make in the world.' Then Michael took Adam and left
6 him where God told him.

Chapter 39
1 But after all this, the archangel asked concerning the laying out of the remains. And God
2 commanded that all the angels should assemble in His presence, each in his order, and all the angels assembled, some having censers in their hands, and others trumpets. And lo ! the 'Lord
3 of Hosts' came on and four winds drew Him and cherubim mounted on the winds and the angels from heaven escorting Him and they came on the earth, where was the body of Adam. And
4 they came to paradise and all the leaves of paradise were stirred so that all men begotten of Adam slept from the fragrance save Seth alone, because he was born 'according to the appointment of God '. Then Adam's body lay there in
5 paradise on the earth and Seth grieved exceedingly over him.

Chapter 40
1 Then God spake to the archangel(s) Michael, (Gabriel, Uriel, and Raphael): 'Go away
2 to Paradise in the third heaven, and strew linen clothes and cover the body of Adam and bring oil of the 'oil of fragrance' and pour it over him. And they acted thus did the three great angels and they prepared him for burial. And God said: 'Let the body of Abel also be
3 brought.' And they brought other linen clothes and prepared his (body) also. For he was unburied since the day when Cain his brother slew him; for wicked Cain took great pains to conceal (him) but could not, for the earth would not receive him for the body sprang up from the earth and a voice went out of the earth saying: 'I will not
5 receive a companion body, till the earth which was taken and fashioned in me cometh to me.' At that time, the angels took it and placed it on a rock, till Adam his father was buried. And
6 both were buried, according to the commandment of God, in the spot where God found the dust, and He caused the place to be dug for two. And God sent seven angels to paradise and they
7 brought many fragrant spices and placed them in the earth, and they took the two bodies and placed them in the spot which they had digged and builded.

Chapter 41
1 And God called and said, 'Adam, Adam.' And the body answered from the earth and said: 'Here am I, Lord.' And God saith to him: 'I told
2 thee (that) earth thou art and to earth shalt thou return. Again I promise to thee the Resurrection; I will raise thee up in the Resurrection with every man who is of thy seed.'

Chapter 42
1 After these words, God made a seal and sealed the tomb, that no one might do anything to him for six days till his rib should return to him. Then the Lord and his angels went to their place.
2 And Eve also, when the six days were fulfilled,
3 fell asleep. But while she was living, she wept bitterly about Adam's falling on sleep, for she knew not where he was laid. For when the Lord came to paradise to bury Adam she was asleep, and her sons too, except Seth, till He bade Adam be prepared for burial; and no man knew on earth, except her son Seth. And Eve prayed (in
4 the hour of her death) that she might be buried in the place where her husband Adam was. And after she had finished her prayer, she saith: 'Lord,
5 Master, God of all rule, estrange not me thy handmaid from the body of Adam, for from his members didst thou make me. But deem me
6 worthy, even me unworthy that I am and a sinner, to enter into his tabernacle, even as I was with him in paradise, both without separation from each other; just as in our transgression, we were
7 (both) led astray and transgressed thy command, but were not separated. Even so, Lord, do not
8 separate us now.' But after she had prayed, she gazed heavenwards and groaned aloud and smote her breast and said: 'God of All, receive my spirit,' and straightway she delivered up her spirit to God.

Chapter 43
1 And Michael came and taught Seth how to prepare Eve for burial. And there came three angels and they buried her (body) where Adam's body was and Abel's. And thereafter Michael
2 spake to Seth and saith: 'Lay out in this wise every man that dieth till the day of the Resurrection.' And after giving him this rule; he
3 saith to him: 'Mourn not beyond six days, but on the seventh day, rest and rejoice on it, because on that very day, God rejoiceth (yea) and we angels (too) with the righteous soul, who hath passed away from the earth.' Even thus spake
4 the angel, and ascended into heaven, glorifying (God) and saying: 'Allelujah.' [Holy, holy, holy is the Lord, in the glory of
5 God the Father, for to Him it is meet to give glory, honour and worship, with the eternal life-giving spirit now and always and for ever. Amen.]

[Holy, holy, holy is the Lord of Hosts. To whom be glory and power for ever and for ever Amen.]
[Then the archangel Joel glorified God; saying, 'Holy, Holy, Holy Lord, heaven and earth are full of thy glory.']

Scanned by
Joshua Williams
Northwest Nazarene College, 1995

ปริศนาคาใจ : โมเสสยังไม่เคยตาย

เป็นการศึกษาเชิงลึกโดยผ่านมุมมองความเชื่อของชาวยิว และผสานกับข้อมูลที่ว่า พระเยซูเป็นผลแรกของการเป็นขึ้นมาจากความตาย

(1คร. 15:20) แต่​ความ​จริง​พระ​คริสต์​ทรง​ถูก​ชุบ​ให้​เป็น​ขึ้น​มา​จาก​ความ​ตาย​แล้ว และ​ทรง​เป็น​ผล​แรก​ใน​พวก​คน​ทั้ง​หลาย​ที่​ได้​ล่วง​หลับ​ไป​แล้ว​นั้น​

และการปรากฏตัวของโมเสสพร้อมกับเอลียาห์ ในมัทธิว บทที่ 17 ข้อ 1-3

หากโมเสสที่มาปรากฏตัวตายไปแล้ว นั่นก็แสดงว่า เขาเป็นวิญญาณ แบบเดียวกับที่กษัตริย์ซาอูลเรียกซามูเอลมาพบ

​ซาอูล​และ​คน​ทรง​ที่​เมือง​เอน​โดร์ 
1 ซามูเอล บทที่ 28 ข้อ 3 ฝ่าย​ซามูเอล​ได้​สิ้นชีพ​แล้ว และ​คน​อิสราเอล​ทั้ง​ปวง​ก็​ไว้​ทุกข์​ให้​ท่าน​และ​ฝัง​ศพ​ท่าน​ไว้​ใน​เมือง​รามาห์ ซึ่ง​เป็น​เมือง​ของ​ท่าน​เอง และ​ซาอูล​ทรง​กำจัด​คน​ทรง​และ​พ่อ​มด​แม่​มด​เสีย​จาก​แผ่นดิน
4 คน​ฟีลิสเตีย​ก็​ชุมนุม​กัน​และ​มา​ตั้ง​ค่าย​อยู่​ที่​ชู​เนม และ​ซาอูล​ทรง​รวบรวม​อิสราเอล​ทั้งสิ้น และ​เขา​ทั้ง​หลาย​ตั้ง​ค่าย​อยู่​ที่​กิล​โบ​อา​
5 เมื่อ​ซาอูล​ทอด​พระ​เนตร​กองทัพ​ของ​คน​ฟีลิสเตีย​ก็​กลัว และ​พระ​ทัย​ของ​พระ​องค์​ก็​หวั่นไหว​มาก​
6 และ​เมื่อ​ซาอูล​ทูล​ถาม​พระ​เจ้า ​พระ​เจ้า​มิได้​ทรง​ตอบ​พระ​องค์ ไม่​ว่า​ด้วย​ความ​ฝัน หรือ​ด้วย​อู​ริม หรือ​ด้วย​ผู้เผย​พระ​วจนะ​
7 ​ซาอูล​จึง​รับสั่ง​กับ​มหาดเล็ก​ของ​พระ​องค์​ว่า “จง​ออกไป​หา​หญิง​ที่​เป็น​คน​ทรง​เพื่อ​เรา​จะ​ได้​ไป​หา​และ​ถาม​เขา​ดู” และ​มหาดเล็ก​ก็​กราบ​ทูล​ว่า “ดู​เถิด มี​หญิง​คน​ทรง​คน​หนึ่ง​อยู่​ที่​บ้าน​เอน​โดร์” 

8 ​ซาอูล​จึง​ปลอม​พระ​องค์​และ​ทรง​ฉลอง​พระ​องค์​อย่าง​อื่น​เสด็จ​ออกไป พร้อม​กับ​ชาย​สอง​คน ไป​หา​หญิง​คน​ทรง​ใน​เวลา​กลางคืน ​พระ​องค์​ตรัส​ว่า “ขอ​ทำนาย​ให้​ฉัน​โดย​วิญญาณ​ของ​คน​ตาย ฉัน​จะ​ออก​ชื่อ​ผู้ใด​ก็​ให้​เรียก​ผู้​นั้น​ขึ้น​มา” 
9 หญิง​คน​นั้น​จึง​ทูล​ตอบ​พระ​องค์​ว่า “ท่าน​คง​ทราบ​แน่​แล้ว​ว่า​ซาอูล​ทรง​กระทำ​อะไร ที่​ได้​กำจัด​คน​ทรง​และ​พ่อ​มด​แม่​มด​เสีย​จาก​แผ่นดิน ทำไม​ท่าน​จึง​มา​วาง​กับ​ดัก​ชีวิต​ของ​ข้าพเจ้า​เล่า” 
10 แต่​ซาอูล​ทรง​ปฏิญาณ​กับ​หญิง​นั้น​ใน​พระ​นาม​ของ​พระ​เจ้า​ว่า “พระ​เจ้า​ทรง​พระ​ชนม์​อยู่​แน่​ฉัน​ใด เจ้า​จะ​ไม่​ถูก​โทษ​เพราะ​เรื่อง​นี้​แน่​ฉัน​นั้น” 
11 หญิง​นั้น​จึง​ทูล​ถาม​ว่า “ท่าน​จะ​ให้​ข้าพเจ้า​เรียก​ใคร​ขึ้น​มา” ​ซาอูล​ตรัส​ว่า “เรียก​ซามูเอล​ขึ้น​มา​ให้​ฉัน” 
12 และ​เมื่อ​หญิง​คน​นั้น​เห็น​ซามูเอล​ จึง​ร้อง​เสียง​ดัง​และ​หญิง​นั้น​กราบ​ทูล​ซาอูล​ว่า “ไฉน​พระ​องค์​จึง​ทรง​ล่อลวง​หม่อม​ฉัน ​พระ​องค์​คือ​ซาอูล” 
13 ​พระ​ราชา​ตรัส​แก่​นาง​ว่า “อย่า​กลัว​เลย เจ้า​ได้​เห็น​อะไร” และ​หญิง​นั้น​กราบ​ทูล​ซาอูล​ว่า “หม่อม​ฉัน​เห็น​เทพย​เจ้า​องค์​หนึ่ง​เสด็จ​ขึ้น​มา​จาก​แผ่นดิน” 
14 ​พระ​องค์​ถาม​นาง​ว่า “รูปร่าง​ของ​เขา​เป็น​อย่างไร” และ​นาง​ตอบ​ว่า “เป็น​ผู้ชาย​แก่​ขึ้น​มา​มี​เสื้อ​คลุม​กาย​อยู่” ​ซาอูล​ก็​ทรง​ทราบ​ว่า​เป็น​ซามูเอล​ ​พระ​องค์​ทรง​โน้ม​พระ​กาย​ลง​ถึง​ดิน​กราบ​ไหว้
15 แล้ว​ซามูเอล​พูด​กับ​ซาอูล​ว่า “ท่าน​รบกวน​เรา​ด้วย​เรียก​เรา​ขึ้น​มา​ทำไม” ​ซาอูล​ทรง​ตอบ​ว่า “ข้าพเจ้า​มี​ความ​ทุกข์​หนัก เพราะ​คน​ฟีลิสเตีย​กำลัง​มา​ทำ​สงคราม​กับ​ข้าพเจ้า และ​พระ​เจ้า​ทรง​หัน​จาก​ข้าพเจ้า​เสีย​แล้ว มิได้​ทรง​ตอบ​ข้าพเจ้า​อีก​เลย ไม่​ว่า​โดย​ผู้เผย​พระ​วจนะ​หรือ​โดย​ความ​ฝัน เพราะ​ฉะนั้น​ข้าพเจ้า​จึง​ขอ​เรียก​ท่าน​ขึ้น​มา​เพื่อ​ท่าน​จะ​ได้​แจ้ง​ว่า ข้าพเจ้า​จะ​กระทำ​ประการ​ใด​ดี” 
16 และ​ซามูเอล​ตอบ​ว่า “ใน​เมื่อ​พระ​เจ้า​ทรง​หัน​จาก​ท่าน​เสีย​แล้ว และ​เป็น​ศัตรู​ของ​ท่าน ท่าน​จะ​มา​ถาม​ข้าพเจ้า​ทำไม​เล่า​ 
17 ​พระ​เจ้า​ได้​ทรง​กระทำ​แก่​ท่าน​อย่าง​ที่​พระ​องค์​ตรัส​บอก​ทาง​ข้าพเจ้า​แล้ว​นั้น เพราะ​พระ​เจ้า​ทรง​ฉีก​ราช​อาณาจักร​นั้น​ออก​เสีย​จาก​มือ​ของ​ท่าน​และ​ทรง​มอบ​ให้แก่​คน​อื่น คือ​ดาวิด​ 
18 เพราะ​ท่าน​มิได้​เชื่อ​ฟัง​พระ​สุรเสียง​ของ​พระ​เจ้า มิได้​กระทำ​ตาม​พระ​พิโรธ​ของ​พระ​องค์​ที่​ทรง​มี​ต่อ​อามาเลข ฉะนั้น​พระ​เจ้า​จึง​ทรง​กระทำ​สิ่ง​นี้​แก่​ท่าน​ใน​วันนี้​ 
19 ยิ่ง​กว่า​นั้น​อีก​พระ​เจ้า​จะ​ทรง​มอบ​อิสราเอล​พร้อม​กับ​ตัว​ท่าน​ไว้​ใน​มือ​ของ​คน​ฟีลิสเตีย​ พรุ่งนี้​ตัว​ท่าน​พร้อม​กับ​บุตร​ชาย​ทั้ง​หลาย​ของ​ท่าน​จะ​อยู่​กับ​เรา และ​พระ​เจ้า​จะ​ทรง​มอบ​กองทัพ​อิสราเอล​ไว้​ใน​มือ​ของ​คน​ฟีลิสเตีย​ด้วย” 

20 แล้ว​ซาอูล​ก็​ทรง​ล้ม​ลง​เหยียด​ยาว​บน​พื้นดิน​ใน​ทันที กลัว​ยิ่ง​นัก​เพราะ​ถ้อยคำ​ของ​ซามูเอล​ และ​ไม่​มี​กำลัง​เหลืออยู่​ใน​พระ​องค์ เพราะ​ไม่ได้​เสวย​มา​ตลอด​วัน​หนึ่ง​กับ​คืน​หนึ่ง​แล้ว​

21 หญิง​นั้น​ก็​เข้า​มา​หา​ซาอูล​ และ​เมื่อ​นาง​เห็น​ว่า​พระ​องค์​ตก​พระ​ทัย​มาก จึง​ทูล​ว่า “ดู​เถิด ผู้รับ​ใช้​ของ​ฝ่า​พระ​บาท​ก็​ย่อม​ฟัง​รับสั่ง​ของ​ฝ่า​พระ​บาท​ยอม​เสี่ยง​ชีวิต และ​ยอม​ฟัง​พระ​ดำรัส​ที่​พระ​องค์​ตรัส​สั่ง​ทุก​ประการ​ 
22 เพราะ​ฉะนั้น​ขอ​ฝ่า​พระ​บาท​จง​ฟัง​เสียง​ผู้รับ​ใช้​ของ​ฝ่า​พระ​บาท​บ้าง ขอ​หม่อม​ฉัน​ได้​ถวาย​พระ​กระยา​หาร​แก่​พระ​องค์​สัก​หน่อย​หนึ่ง ขอ​พระ​องค์​เสวย เพื่อ​พระ​องค์​จะ​ทรง​มี​พระ​กำลัง​เมื่อ​กลับ​ตาม​ทาง​ของ​พระ​องค์” 
23 ​พระ​องค์​ก็​ทรง​ปฏิเสธ รับสั่ง​ว่า “ไม่​กิน” แต่​มหาดเล็ก​กับ​หญิง​นั้น​อ้อน​วอน​พระ​องค์ ​พระ​องค์​ก็​ทรง​ฟัง​เสียง​ของ​เขา ​พระ​องค์​ทรง​ลุก​ขึ้น​ประทับ​บน​เตียง​
24 หญิง​นั้น​มี​ลูก​โค​อ้วน​อยู่​ใน​บ้าน​ตัว​หนึ่ง ​ก็​รีบ​ฆ่า​เสีย เอา​แป้ง​มา​นวด​ปิ้ง​ทำ​ขนม​ปัง​ไร้​เชื้อ​
25 นาง​ก็​นำมา​ถวาย​แก่​ซาอูล​และ​ทรง​เสวย กับ​ให้​มหาดเล็ก​เขา​รับประทาน แล้ว​ก็​ทรง​ลุก​ขึ้น​เสด็จ​กลับไป​ใน​คืน​นั้น​

ใน เฉลยธรรมบัญญัติ บทที่ 34 ข้อ 1-12 บันทึกเรื่องการสิ้นชีวิตของโมเสส

แต่ในหนังสืิอ Tree of Souls ซึ่งเป้นหนังสือเกี่ยวกับตำนานความเชื่อของชาวยิวได้บันทึกว่า โมเสสไม่เคยตาย

จะอย่างไรก็แล้วแต่ การศึกษาเพื่อค้นหาความจริงด้วยหลักฐาน เหตุผล หลักข้อเชื่อ หรือทัศนคติของแต่ละที่ ช่วยให้เราเข้าถึงข้อมูล หวังว่าบทความนี้จะเป็นประโยชน์ในเชิงวิชาการ

ยังมีประเด็นจาก หนังสือ ยูดา อีก (ยด. 1:9) ฝ่าย​อัคร​เทว​ทู​ตาธิบ​ดี​มี​คา​เอล ครั้ง​เมื่อ​ท่าน​โต้เถียง​กับ​มาร​*เรื่อง​ศพ​ของ​โมเสส ท่าน​เอง​ก็​ยัง​ไม่​บังอาจ​กล่าว​ก้าวร้าว​ต่อ​มาร​เลย เป็น​แต่​เพียง​กล่าว​ว่า “ให้​องค์​พระ​ผู้​เป็น​เจ้า​ทรง​ขนาบ​เจ้า​เถิด”

*ท่าน​โต้เถียง​กับ​มาร ​เรื่อง​นี้​ไม่​มี​บันทึก​ไว้​ใน​พระ​คัมภีร์​แต่​พบ​ใน​หนังสือ​โบราณ​ของ​ชาวยิว​ชื่อ ​“​การ​ขึ้น​สู่​สวรรค์​ของ​โมเสส​” ​ซึ่ง​เขียน​ใน​ศตวรรษ​ที่ ​1

หากใครเอาไปตีความเป็นอย่างอื่น หรือเพื่อเอาไปโจมตีเพียงข้อความไม่กี่บรรทัด ก็แล้วแต่ความเชื่อของท่านนะครับ ขอพระเจ้าอวยพระพร

ด้านมืดของกษัตริย์ซาโลมอน

หลายครั้งที่เราฟังคำเทศนาเรื่องความฉลาดและความมั่งคั่งของกษัตริย์ซาโลมอน ก็อดปลื้มกับเขาไปด้วย แต่เมื่อพูดถึงด้านมืด น้อยคนนักที่จะรู้ว่ามันรุนแรงถึงขั้นอาณาจักรอิสราเอลถูกฉีกออก

ในเฉลยธรรมบัญญัติ ได้พยาการณ์เอาไว้ล่วงหน้าแล้วถึงระบบกษัตริย์ที่จะเกิดขึ้นในอนาคต และการที่พระองค์จะมีภรรยาหลายคนอีกด้วย

การมีภรรยาหลายคนของกษัตริย์ซาโลมอน ส่งผลให้พระองค์อนุญาตให้มีการบูชารูปเคารพในดินแดนอิสราเอล

ที่แย่ไปกว่านั้นก็คือ พระองค์สนับสนุนให้มีการสร้างรูปเคารพของพระต่างด้าวขึ้นใกล้เยรูซาเล็ม

แท้ที่จริง ตัวซาโลมอนเองก็รู้ดีถึงพฤติกรรมของบรรดาเหล่าภรรยาของพระองค์ ซึ่งสะท้อนออกมาในหนังสือสุภาษิตหลายตอน และที่ชัดเจนที่สุด อยู่ใน สุภาษิต บทที่ 7 ที่พูดถึงการบนต่อพระของพวกเธอ และการแก้บนด้วยการล่วงประเวณีกับชายแปลกหน้า

จันทร์ที่ 10 กรกฎาคม 2017 สัมมนาสุดท้ายของหมวดเบญจบรรณ

นับเป็นเวลาถึง 4 ปี ที่เราทำการสัมมนาหมวดเบญจบรรณ ซึ่งวันจันทร์ที่ 10 กค.นี้ ถือเป็นครั้งสุดท้าย มาร่วมเป็นส่วนหนึ่งของประวัติศาสตร์การเรียนรู้ด้วยตนเองร่วมกันครับ

จิตวิญญาณก็มี 4 ระดับ ตรวจสอบด่วนว่าเราอยู่ระดับไหน?

ผมทำบททดสอบนี้ขึ้นมาเพื่อใช้ในการเช็คระดับฝ่ายจิตวิญญาณของแต่ละคน ว่าอยู่ในระดับไหนบ้าง แม้เราจะเติบโตทางร่างกายแล้ว จิตวิญญาณของเราก็ควรเติบโตด้วยเช่นกัน

 เราปรารถนาให้ท่านเติบโตขึ้นฝ่ายวิญญาณ เป็นผู้ใหญ่ในพระคริสต์

ในแผนภาพชุดนี้ เราเปรียบเทียบให้เห็นว่าจิตวิญญา่ณของเราก็เหมือนร่างกาย ที่ต้องการอาหารที่ทำให้เติบโตเช่นกัน
และลักษณะฝ่ายจิตวิญญาณของเราก็เป็นเหมือนร่างกาย 4 ระดับ คือ

1. ทารก
2. เด็ก
3. หนุ่มสาว (วัยรุ่น)
4. ผู้ใหญ่

เชิญรับชมได้เลยครับ แล้วลองเช็คดูว่า เราเป็นผู้ใหญ่หรือยัง?

คงไม่มีใครอยากเป็นเด็กตลอดไป ทุกคนอยากจะเติบโตขึ้น

ในที่นี้ เราขอเปรียบให้จิตวิญญาณมีการเติบโตขึ้น 4 ระดับ

ผู้เชื่อใหม่  (ทุกคนจะอยู่ระดับ 1) ไม่ว่าจะอายุเท่าไหร่ ก็จะเปรียบเสมือนทารกฝ่ายจิตวิญญาณ ต้องกินน้ำนมเพื่อเติบโตฝ่ายจิตวิญญาณเช่นกัน

การอ่านพระคัมภีร์ทุกวัน ก็เหมือนเราได้ดื่มน้ำนม และจะเติบโตขึ้น และช่วงแรกควรมีพี่เลี้ยงดูแลในการดื่มของเราด้วย

ในช่วงนี้ ระดับ 2 การอ่านพระคัมภีร์ของเรา หรือการอธิษฐานของเราจะพัฒนาขึ้น แต่จะคิดถึงตัวเองมากเป็นพิเศษ ดูเหมือนว่าเหตุการณ์รอบๆ ตัวเราดูจะเกี่ยวโยงกับตัวเราไปหมด หรือการตีความพระคัมภีร์ ก็จะตีเข้าข้างตัวเราเองตลอด

หรือแม้แต่ใครทำอะไร เราก็รู้สึกถึงตัวเอง นั่นแสดงว่าเรายังเป็นเด็กฝ่ายวิญญาณอยู่

รวมไปถึงอยากฟังคำพยากรณ์เกี่ยวกับตนเอง หรือขอให้คนอื่นพยากรณ์จากที่นั่นที่นี่ จนถึงขนาดตามไปหาฟัง

ใน 1 ยน. 3 ข้อ 12 ยกตัวอย่างเรื่อง คาอิน
เพราะคาอินนึกถึงตัวเองมากๆ จนไม่พอใจน้องของตน และพัฒนาไปสู่การกำจัดน้องให้พ้นทาง แสดงถึงการเป็นเด็กฝ่ายวิญญาณของคาอินอย่างมาก แม้ว่าร่างกายจะเติบโตขึ้นแล้วก็ตาม

ถ้าต้วเรามีความปรารถนาจะเติบโตขึ้น (สู่ระดับ 3) ในทางของพระเจ้าเรื่อยๆ ลดอาการเด็กลง หรือแม้แต่นิสัยทารก

สังเกตได้ด้วยตนเองว่า เราจะฟังความรอบด้านมากขึ้น ไม่หูเบา อ่านพระคัมภีร์อย่างใคร่ครวญ ไม่ตีความเข้าตนเอง นึกถึงคนอื่นก่อน ให้เกียรติคนอื่น ไม่วิจารณ์เร็วเกินไป ฯลฯ

แต่ก็ยังมีความผิดพลาดบ้าง แบบวัยรุ่น ซึ่งถือว่าอยู่ในระดับที่ใช้ได้แล้วในระดับนี้

ระดับ 4 เป็นระดับที่ควรเป็นเป้าหมายของผู้เชื่อทุกคน และถือเป็นระดับยาก เพราะต้องอดทน ฝึกฝน และใช้สติปัญญารอบด้าน

มีใจปรารถนาในการรับใช้พระเจ้า รับใช้ผู้อื่น เสียสละทุกอย่าง

เราหวังว่าเมื่อท่านอ่านมาถึงตรงนี้ คงได้ประโยชน์ และแบ่งปันไปให้เพื่อนอ่านบ้าง ขอพระเจ้าอวยพระพร

เบื้องหลังคำเทศนาบนภูเขา มัทธิว บทที่ 5

เป็นการแบ่งปันเรื่อง เบื้องหลัง คำเทศนาบนภูเขา เกี่ยวกับ ความโกรธ 

จาก มัทธิว บทที่ 5 ที่ผู้เชื่อต้องทำมากยิ่งกว่าพวกฟาริสี ซึ่งเป็นกลุ่มชนชั้นกลางในสมัยพระเยซู ก็โดยไม่ต้องทำอะไรเลย ปล่อยให้พระเจ้าเป็นคนทำ เราทำเพียง คืนดีกับพี่น้อง ของเราเอง